Basalt mine tailings as raw materials for Portland clinker
Basalt has been recently recognized as an alternative raw-material for Portland cement [10, 11], particularly as a substitute for clay in regions where this resource is scarce. It was suggested that basalt may substitute for clay in a 1:1 proportion, with an adjustement in the composition of the raw-mixture by adding 1 wt.% iron ore and 1 wt ...